Summary for research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Summary for research - Essay Example For empirical analysis there were used both daily and weekly closing stock price indices for the four sectors of the Qatar Exchange for the period from January, 2008 to April, 2011. The results of the study based on the Johansen’s multivariate cointegration analysis have shown that all four sector indices had interrelationships in a long-term equilibrium. The findings based on the Granger’s causality analysis have shown that Banking and Financial Institutions sector had significant impact on the price predictability in the other sectors in the short-run, while Services sector had much lower impact. The analysis based on the findings of the generalized forecast error variance decomposition has shown that the Services and Insurance sectors appeared to be the most endogenous sectors while both the Industrial and the Banking and Financial Institutions sectors were the most exogenous sectors (Walid, 2012). Both individual and institutional investors usually try to diversify their portfolios in order to minimize the risks and to generate most efficient outcomes and/or expected returns. There are recognized two major strategies under portfolio diversification: cross-market investment to in different classes of assets or sectors and global diversification of portfolio by investing across both domestic and foreign assets. However, it is worth to mention that in order to create a well-diversified asset portfolio, prospective investors should take into consideration the fact of interdependence structure of financial markets (Walid, 2012). There were carried out many empirical researches, which provided evidence of interdependencies of international financial markets as a result of globalization and increased level of integration. However, it is also important to understand the nature of interdependence structure amongst different sectors in a specific country, because it can provide prospec tive and

History of the camera Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History of the camera - Essay Example Nevertheless the photographic technology does not stand still, and over time people have learned how to stop the moment by invention of more convenient in use and less bulky camera. Through a variety of research projects, scientists moved to our contemporary – the portable camera, which bears little resemblance to its historical brother. The innovation has stepped so far ahead that the camera skillfully built into the phone can be found in the pocket of almost every person. In our research project, we review the features of the innovative technologies and the use of different techniques for improvement of prototype camera, having studied the history from the invention of the camera to its modern digital similar. The first notes and ideas about the reflection of objects are rooted in ancient times of China and Greece with the continuation in the 11th century experimental work of Arab scientist Ibn al-Haytamnd. These notions are about the first pinhole camera (or the camera obscura) that is able only reflect an image with its next observation or tracery by hand [Fig.1]. Then Frenchman Joseph Nicephore Niepce enters the timeline of cameras. â€Å"The first experimenter who puts a camera obscura together with permanent images made by light – who both captures and saves an image – is where the real story of camera begins† [4]. He invents the one with a lens and a sliding tube which looks like a box of illusionist and really creates miracles – Niepce has received his first photo in 1826. It is the first time a picture is made by the machine not by an artist; it is the birth of photo. Alas, the authors name is undeservedly forgotten as according to the world encyclopedi as Daguerre is considered to be a pioneer of photography. â€Å"Jacques Daguerre, another Frenchman, developed a process that used copper plates to record an image, and daguerreotypes quickly became the preferred photographic medium for portraits and other subjects† [2].